What encompasses the total components and subsystems converting solar energy into usable electrical energy?

The correct answer is indeed the solar photovoltaic system. This system specifically refers to the collection of components that work together to capture solar energy and convert it directly into usable electrical energy. A solar photovoltaic system typically includes solar panels (which contain photovoltaic cells), an inverter to convert DC electricity to AC electricity, and various balance-of-system components such as mounting hardware and electrical wiring.

Solar thermal systems, while related to solar energy, focus on capturing heat from the sun rather than converting it into electricity. Solar heating systems also pertain to utilizing solar energy primarily for heating water or air, rather than generating electrical power. A solar energy array generally refers to a configuration of solar panels but does not capture the complete system of conversion and utility that the photovoltaic system encompasses. Thus, the term "solar photovoltaic system" accurately describes the entire process of converting solar energy into electric energy, capturing all necessary components and functionality involved in this transformation.