What is the purpose of a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)?

A Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is specifically designed to protect individuals from electrical shock by instantly shutting off the electrical circuit when it detects an imbalance in the electrical current. This typically occurs when there is a ground fault, which can happen if an electrical appliance or device comes into contact with water, or if a person accidentally becomes a pathway for electricity to the ground.

By continuously monitoring the current flowing through the circuit, the GFCI can detect even small differences in current (such as leakage to the ground) and respond in milliseconds, effectively preventing the risk of serious injury or fatality from electric shock. This life-saving function highlights its critical role in ensuring safety, particularly in areas where there is a higher risk of wet conditions, such as bathrooms and kitchens.

The other choices do not accurately reflect the primary purpose of a GFCI. For instance, enhancing current capacity or energy efficiency does not align with the device's function, nor does it relate to preventing electrical surges, which is primarily the role of surge protectors.